In Booth's concept, unreliable narration arises when the narrator's statements conflict with

In Booth's concept, unreliable narration arises when the narrator's statements conflict with

• A. the implied author's worldview
• B. the reader's expectations
• C. the narrator's memory
• D. the setting

Answer: (A)

Booth’s idea is that unreliable narration shows up when the narrator’s statements clash with the implied author’s worldview—the stance or moral perspective the text signals the author holds through tone, structure, and judgment. When the narrator’s account contradicts that implied worldview, we read with skepticism, recognizing bias, distortion, or ignorance in the narration. That clash is what marks the narration as unreliable. The other possibilities aren’t the defining mechanism in Booth’s framework. A reader’s expectations can influence how we notice unreliability, but they aren’t the text’s guiding standard. Memory issues or distortions can affect reliability, but they point to the narrator’s capacity, not to the implied author’s worldview. The setting itself doesn’t determine unreliability in this theory.

Booth’s idea is that unreliable narration shows up when the narrator’s statements clash with the implied author’s worldview—the stance or moral perspective the text signals the author holds through tone, structure, and judgment. When the narrator’s account contradicts that implied worldview, we read with skepticism, recognizing bias, distortion, or ignorance in the narration. That clash is what marks the narration as unreliable.

The other possibilities aren’t the defining mechanism in Booth’s framework. A reader’s expectations can influence how we notice unreliability, but they aren’t the text’s guiding standard. Memory issues or distortions can affect reliability, but they point to the narrator’s capacity, not to the implied author’s worldview. The setting itself doesn’t determine unreliability in this theory.